Understanding Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye. It can affect one or both eyes and often causes redness, irritation and discharge. Most cases improve with the appropriate treatment, depending on the cause.

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What Causes Conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis is commonly caused by either an infection or an allergy.

Infective Conjunctivitis

This may be caused by:

• Viruses
• Bacteria

Infective conjunctivitis is often associated with colds, sore throats or other viral illnesses.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is commonly linked to:

• Hay fever
• Pollen
• Seasonal allergies

It is most frequently seen during the spring and summer months.

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Treatment

Treatment depends on the type of conjunctivitis you have.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis usually responds quickly to antibiotic eye drops and often improves within 4 to 5 days.

Viral Conjunctivitis

There are no antiviral eye drops to cure most viral conjunctivitis.

The infection usually clears on its own, although recovery may take 2 to 3 weeks. Antibiotic drops may sometimes be prescribed to help prevent secondary bacterial infections.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis may improve with:

• Anti-allergy tablets
• Allergy treatments recommended by your healthcare professional

Some people may require longer-term treatment to control symptoms.

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Preventing the Spread

Infective conjunctivitis can spread through direct contact with tears or eye discharge.

To reduce the risk of passing it on:

• Wash your hands regularly, especially after touching your eyes.
• Avoid sharing towels or flannels.
• Use disposable tissues where possible and throw them away immediately after use.
• Wash your hands after applying eye drops.

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Looking After Your Eyes

While your eye heals:

• Use your prescribed treatment exactly as directed.
• Keep your hands away from your eyes where possible.
• Maintain good hand hygiene.
• Avoid sharing personal items that come into contact with your face.

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When to Seek Medical Advice

Speak to your GP, Minor Injury Unit or healthcare professional if:

• Your symptoms are getting worse.
• Your eyes do not improve with treatment.
• You are concerned about your symptoms or diagnosis.