Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Introduction
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common condition that affects the nerves in the lower back. It can cause pain, heaviness or cramping in the legs, particularly when standing or walking. Although symptoms can be frustrating, many people manage them successfully through exercise, staying active and simple lifestyle changes.
What is Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?
Lumbar spinal stenosis is the narrowing of the space around the nerves in the lower back. This narrowing develops gradually as part of the normal ageing process and can sometimes irritate the nerves that travel into the legs.
It’s important to remember that spinal narrowing is common and does not always cause symptoms. Many people have changes seen on scans without experiencing any pain.
Common Symptoms
Symptoms vary from person to person and may include:
- Pain or cramping in the buttocks, thighs or calves
- Lower back pain
- Heaviness or weakness in the legs when walking
- Pins and needles or tingling
- Symptoms that improve when sitting down or leaning forwards, such as when pushing a shopping trolley
Staying Active
Although symptoms can make walking difficult, it is generally safe to remain active.
You may find it helpful to:
- Continue walking within your comfort levels
- Take short breaks when needed
- Lean forwards if symptoms increase
- Keep doing the activities that are important to you
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle where possible
Exercise is the Best Treatment
Exercise is the recommended first treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis.
Regular exercise can help:
- Reduce irritation around the nerves
- Improve walking distance
- Build strength and balance
- Improve confidence and independence
- Support your overall health and wellbeing
Walking programmes, cycling, stretching and swimming are all examples of exercises that may help. A physiotherapist can advise on the most suitable exercises for you.
Do I Need a Scan?
Most people do not need a scan.
Lumbar spinal stenosis is usually diagnosed from your symptoms and a physical assessment. Scans are typically only recommended if surgery is being considered or if your healthcare professional suspects another condition.
Treatment Options
Treatment focuses on improving your quality of life and helping you stay active.
For most people, treatment includes:
- Education and self-management
- Progressive exercise therapy
- Support from a physiotherapist if needed
Surgery is usually only considered if symptoms are severe or have not improved after a course of conservative treatment. Your healthcare professional will discuss the potential benefits and risks if surgery is appropriate.
When to Seek Further Advice
Speak to your healthcare professional if:
- Your symptoms become significantly worse.
- Walking becomes increasingly difficult.
- You develop increasing weakness or numbness.
- You are concerned about your symptoms or they are affecting your daily life.
