Information for Relatives and Carers

When someone is approaching the end of their life, it can be an emotional and difficult time for family, friends and carers. Understanding what to expect can help you feel more prepared and provide comfort to your loved one during their final days.

What Changes Might Happen?

Every person’s experience is different, but some common changes may occur as the body naturally begins to slow down.

Eating and Drinking Less

As a person becomes weaker, they may lose interest in food and drink. Eventually they may no longer want or need them. This is a natural part of the dying process.

Families can continue to show care and support through:

• Providing mouth care
• Holding hands and offering comfort
• Talking and sharing memories
• Simply being present

Increased Sleepiness

People often spend more time sleeping and may become less responsive. Although they may appear unconscious, they may still be able to hear familiar voices and feel touch.

Changes in Breathing

Breathing patterns can change in the final days and hours of life. Breathing may become:

• Slower or more irregular
• Fast and shallow
• Interrupted by long pauses

Some people develop noisy breathing caused by fluid collecting in the throat. While this can be upsetting to witness, it does not usually cause discomfort.

Restlessness and Agitation

Some people may become restless, confused or agitated. This can be caused by changes within the body, medication, infection or emotional distress.

Healthcare professionals can offer advice and support to help manage these symptoms.

Changes to Skin and Temperature

Hands and feet may become cool to touch and skin may appear mottled or blotchy. Body temperature may also fluctuate. These changes are a normal part of the body’s natural slowing down.

Maintaining Comfort and Dignity

As a person becomes weaker they may need additional support with personal care. Healthcare teams will ensure comfort, dignity and privacy are maintained at all times.

The Final Moments

For many people, the final moments of life are peaceful. Breathing gradually becomes slower, with longer pauses between breaths, until it eventually stops.

Every death is unique, and the time this process takes can vary considerably.

After Someone Has Died

Following a death, a nurse or doctor will formally confirm the death. There is usually no need to take immediate action, and support will be available for family and carers.

You may wish to:

• Contact close family and friends
• Contact a funeral director when you feel ready
• Arrange for the registration of the death

Registering the Death

Deaths must usually be registered within five days, including weekends and bank holidays.

A Medical Examiner will review the cause of death and may contact you to explain the information and answer any questions you have.

Bereavement Support

Grief affects everyone differently. Emotional support is available through healthcare teams, bereavement services, charities and local support organisations.

You do not have to face bereavement alone.

Need Further Help?

If you have concerns or questions about someone who is dying, speak to the healthcare team involved in their care. They can provide guidance, reassurance and practical support throughout this difficult time.