Information for Patients and Carers

Pressure injuries (sometimes called pressure ulcers or pressure sores) can develop when pressure on the skin reduces blood flow to an area of the body. Early identification and simple preventative measures can help protect the skin and reduce the risk of injury. This guidance explains who may be at risk, what signs to look for, and practical steps that can help prevent pressure injuries.

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What Is a Pressure Injury?

A pressure injury is damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by prolonged pressure on an area of the body.

Pressure can reduce the blood supply to the skin, leading to tissue damage. In some cases, damage can also be caused by shearing, where layers of skin slide over one another, such as when a person slips down in a chair or bed.

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Who Is At Risk?

Anyone can develop a pressure injury, but the risk may be higher for people who:

• Have limited mobility
• Spend long periods sitting or lying down
• Have reduced sensation
• Are acutely unwell
• Experience incontinence
• Have poor nutrition or unplanned weight loss
• Have poor circulation

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Common Areas Affected

Pressure injuries often develop over bony areas of the body, including:

• Bottom
• Heels
• Hips
• Spine
• Elbows
• Ears

These areas are more vulnerable because there is less cushioning between the skin and the bone.

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Early Signs To Look For

A change in skin colour is often the first sign of pressure damage.

Other signs may include:

• Red, purple or darker patches of skin
• Warm areas of skin
• Swelling
• Hardening of the skin
• Blisters
• Broken skin
• Open wounds
• Pain or discomfort

If redness or discolouration remains after pressure has been relieved for around 20 minutes, this may indicate a developing pressure injury.

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Checking Your Skin

Regular skin checks can help identify problems early.

Tips For Skin Inspection

• Check your skin every day if possible
• Pay particular attention to areas where you sit or lie
• Be aware of your skin’s normal colour, texture and temperature
• Ask a carer or family member to help if you cannot check certain areas yourself

Early action can often prevent minor skin damage from becoming a pressure injury.

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Looking After Your Skin

Healthy skin is more resistant to damage.

Skin Care Tips

• Keep skin clean and dry
• Wash daily using gentle products
• Avoid products that dry out the skin
• Use soap substitutes if frequent washing is required
• Seek advice from a pharmacist if needed

Good skin care can help maintain the skin’s natural protective barrier.

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Managing Incontinence

Moisture from incontinence can make the skin more vulnerable to damage.

If incontinence is a concern:

• Keep the skin clean and dry
• Change products regularly
• Seek advice from a healthcare professional

Managing moisture can help reduce the risk of pressure injuries.

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Keep Moving

Regular movement is one of the most effective ways to reduce pressure on the skin.

Try To

• Change position regularly
• Avoid sitting or lying on areas showing signs of skin damage
• Shift your weight frequently when sitting
• Build position changes into your daily routine

If you are unable to move independently, a carer may need to assist with repositioning.

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Nutrition and Hydration

Eating well and drinking enough fluids can help keep your skin healthy.

Helpful Advice

• Eat regular, balanced meals
• Include a variety of foods
• Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day
• Pay attention to nutrition if you have recently lost weight

Good nutrition and hydration support skin health and healing.

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Holidays and Travel

If you already have a pressure injury or have been identified as being at risk, discuss your travel plans with a healthcare professional.

You may need:

• Pressure-relieving equipment
• Advice on repositioning
• A plan for managing your skin while away

Inform your healthcare professional when you return if further support is required.

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When To Seek Advice

Contact a healthcare professional if:

• You notice signs of skin damage
• You are concerned about pressure injuries
• You are unable to move regularly
• You believe you may be at increased risk

A healthcare professional can assess your needs and develop a personalised care plan.

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Contact Information

For advice regarding pressure injuries:

Telephone: 0300 125 6565

For wound care enquiries:

Telephone: 0117 944 9733

Email: sirona.wcs@nhs.net

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Further Information Available

This webpage provides a summary of pressure injury prevention advice.

The full leaflet includes:

• Information about pressure injuries
• Risk factors
• Early warning signs
• Skin care advice
• Positioning guidance
• Nutrition and hydration information
• Travel considerations

For complete guidance, please download the full leaflet.