Understanding Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. It occurs when the plantar fascia—the strong band of tissue running from your heel to your toes—becomes irritated and inflamed. Although the condition can be painful, most people improve with simple treatments such as stretching, supportive footwear and reducing stress on the foot. Recovery can take several months, but surgery is rarely needed.

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What Causes Plantar Fasciitis?

The plantar fascia helps support your foot and absorbs the forces created when you walk. Over time, repeated stress can cause the tissue to become inflamed.

You may be more likely to develop plantar fasciitis if you:

• Spend long periods standing or walking.
• Are overweight.
• Have tight calf muscles or an Achilles tendon.
• Have flat feet or high arches.
• Have recently injured your foot or ankle.

Although a heel spur may sometimes be seen on an X-ray, it is not usually the cause of the pain.

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Managing Your Symptoms

Most cases improve with simple self-care measures.

Wear Supportive Footwear

Choose shoes with:

• Good cushioning.
• Shock-absorbing heels.
• Adequate support for your feet.

A soft heel pad or supportive insole may also help reduce pressure on your heel.

Stretch Regularly

Stretching your:

• Achilles tendon.
• Calf muscles.
• Plantar fascia.

can reduce tension on the heel and improve symptoms over time. A physiotherapist can advise you on the most appropriate exercises.

Reduce Stress on Your Heel

You can also help by:

• Avoiding prolonged standing where possible.
• Reducing repetitive impact on hard surfaces.
• Managing your weight if appropriate.

These measures reduce the stress placed on the plantar fascia while it heals.

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Pain Relief

If needed, simple pain relief such as:

• Paracetamol.
• Anti-inflammatory medicines (if suitable for you).

may help reduce discomfort.

Always read the patient information leaflet and speak to your pharmacist or GP if you are unsure whether these medicines are suitable for you.

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Additional Treatments

If your symptoms continue despite self-care, your healthcare professional may recommend:

• Physiotherapy.
• A night splint to stretch the Achilles tendon while you sleep.
• Steroid injections (effective for around half of patients).
• Specialist insoles.
• Other pain management treatments such as TENS or acupuncture.

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Is Surgery Needed?

Surgery is rarely required for plantar fasciitis.

It is usually only considered if:

• Symptoms have not improved after trying non-surgical treatments.
• Other causes of heel pain have been ruled out.
• Changes to footwear, activity and weight management have not been successful.

Fewer than 5% of people with plantar fasciitis require surgery.

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When to Seek Medical Advice

Speak to your GP or healthcare professional if:

• Your heel pain continues despite self-care.
• Your symptoms are getting worse.
• You are finding it difficult to carry out everyday activities.

For urgent medical advice that is not life-threatening, call NHS 111.