Understanding Shin Splints

Shin splints, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, are a common overuse injury that causes pain along the front or inner part of the lower leg. They often affect runners and people who have recently increased their level of physical activity.

Most cases improve with rest and simple self-care measures, although it is important to seek medical advice if symptoms persist or become severe.

What Causes Shin Splints?

Shin splints are usually caused by repeated stress on the muscles, tendons and bone around the shin. Common contributing factors include:

• Increasing exercise too quickly
• Running on hard surfaces
• Running uphill
• Poorly fitting or worn-out footwear
• Over-pronation (feet rolling inwards)
• Previous lower leg injuries

Symptoms

You may experience:

• Pain along the inside of the shin
• Pain during or after exercise
• Tenderness when touching the shin
• Pain that may worsen over time if activity continues

If pain becomes severe, occurs at rest, or is located in one specific area, it may be caused by another condition such as a stress fracture and should be assessed by a healthcare professional.

Treatment

Rest

Avoid running or activities that caused the pain and allow the leg time to recover.

Ice

Apply an ice pack wrapped in a towel for around 10 minutes at a time. Repeat every couple of hours during the first 48 hours if needed. Never place ice directly onto the skin.

Elevation

Raise your leg above hip level when sitting or lying down to help reduce swelling.

Pain Relief

Paracetamol or anti-inflammatory medicines, such as ibuprofen, may help relieve pain. Always follow the instructions on the packaging and speak to a healthcare professional or pharmacist if you are unsure whether these medicines are suitable for you.

Preventing Shin Splints

You may reduce your risk by:

• Increasing training gradually
• Wearing supportive running shoes
• Replacing worn footwear regularly
• Using shock-absorbing insoles where appropriate
• Including rest days in your training programme

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek medical advice if:

• Your pain is severe
• Symptoms do not improve after rest
• You cannot put weight on your leg
• You have swelling, redness or increasing pain
• You think you may have a stress fracture

Further Information

This webpage provides a summary of the patient information leaflet. For more detailed advice about shin splints, treatment options and recovery, please download the full leaflet or speak to a healthcare professional.