Pressure Ulcers (Pressure Sores)
Helping you protect your skin and prevent pressure ulcers.
Pressure ulcers (also known as pressure sores, bed sores or pressure injuries) are areas of damage to the skin and the tissue underneath caused by prolonged pressure or friction.
They can develop quickly, particularly if someone is unable to move easily. However, with the right care and early action, many pressure ulcers can be prevented.
What is a Pressure Ulcer?
Pressure ulcers develop when constant pressure reduces the blood supply to the skin.
Without enough oxygen and nutrients, the skin and deeper tissues become damaged.
Another cause is shearing, where the skin stays in one place while the tissues underneath move. This commonly happens when someone slides down in bed or is pulled up in a chair or bed.
Where Do Pressure Ulcers Develop?
Pressure ulcers usually form over bony parts of the body where there is less natural padding.
The most common areas are:
- Bottom
- Heels
- Hips
- Spine
- Elbows
- Ears
Who is Most at Risk?
Anyone can develop a pressure ulcer, but the risk is higher if you:
- Have reduced mobility.
- Spend long periods sitting or lying down.
- Have reduced feeling or sensation.
- Are recovering from illness.
- Have poor circulation.
- Experience urinary or faecal incontinence.
- Have poor nutrition, weight loss or reduced appetite.
Early Warning Signs
Spotting a pressure ulcer early can prevent it becoming more serious.
Watch for:
- Redness that does not fade after pressure is removed.
- Purple or darker patches on darker skin tones.
- Warm or hard areas of skin.
- Swelling.
- Blisters.
- Broken skin.
- Open wounds.
- Pain or tenderness.
A temporary red mark after sitting or lying down is normal.
However, if the mark has not disappeared after around 20 minutes once pressure has been relieved, seek advice from a healthcare professional.
How Can I Prevent Pressure Ulcers?
Preventing pressure ulcers involves a combination of regular movement, good skin care and healthy living.
Check Your Skin Every Day
Inspect your skin every day, especially the areas that support your weight when sitting or lying down.
Become familiar with your skin’s normal colour, temperature and texture so you can recognise any changes quickly.
If you cannot check your skin yourself, ask a family member or carer to help.
Move and Change Position Frequently
Regular movement is one of the best ways to prevent pressure ulcers.
Even small changes in position help relieve pressure.
If you are unable to move independently, ask your carer to help reposition you regularly.
Try to make repositioning part of your daily routine.
Keep Your Skin Healthy
Healthy skin is more resistant to damage.
You should:
- Wash your skin every day.
- Keep skin clean and dry.
- Use gentle cleansers or soap substitutes if frequent washing is required.
- Ask your pharmacist or healthcare professional for advice if needed.
Eat Well and Stay Hydrated
Good nutrition supports healthy skin and helps prevent pressure ulcers.
Aim to:
- Eat regular, balanced meals.
- Drink plenty of fluids.
- Stay well hydrated, particularly during hot weather.
Managing Incontinence
Urinary or faecal incontinence increases the risk of skin damage because moisture weakens the skin’s natural protective barrier.
If this affects you, speak to a healthcare professional about products and advice that can help protect your skin.
Going on Holiday
If you already have a pressure ulcer or are at increased risk, speak to your healthcare professional before travelling.
You may need:
- Pressure-relieving cushions or mattresses.
- A repositioning plan.
- Advice for long journeys.
- Equipment to take with you while you are away.
Remember to let your healthcare professional know when you return.
When Should I Seek Help?
Contact a healthcare professional if:
- A red or purple area does not improve after pressure is relieved.
- You notice blisters, broken skin or an open wound.
- The affected area becomes painful.
- You think you may be developing a pressure ulcer.
- You are worried you may be at increased risk.
Early assessment and treatment can prevent pressure ulcers from becoming more severe.
Looking After Someone at Risk
If you care for someone who is at risk of developing pressure ulcers, you can help by:
- Encouraging regular movement.
- Helping them change position safely.
- Checking their skin every day.
- Supporting good personal hygiene.
- Encouraging regular meals and fluids.
- Seeking advice if you notice any skin changes.
Small daily actions can make a significant difference in preventing pressure ulcers.
Further Information
If you are concerned about a pressure ulcer or would like advice about preventing pressure ulcers, please contact the Wound Care Team.
Telephone: 0117 944 9733
Email: sirona.wcs@nhs.net
